In 1545, Pope Paul III convened the Council of Trent. It lasted from 1545 to 1563. During the fifth session, the topic addressed original sin. The sixth session briefly addressed it. At the time, the Protestant Reformation was happening, notably by Martin Luther with Lutheranism, John Calvin with Calvinism, and Thomas Cranmer with Anglicanism. Regarding original sin, the fifth session of the Council of Trent issued five anathemas. Now, Fr. John Hardon defined an anathema as “Solemn condemnation, of biblical origin, used by the Church to declare that some position or teaching contradicts Catholic faith and doctrine.”