Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, occurs when the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. It's a serious condition that can lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and other complications if left untreated.

Key Points:

1. Normal vs. High Blood Pressure:

Normal blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg or lower.

Hypertension: Blood pressure consistently 140/90 mmHg or higher.

2. Causes:

Primary (essential) hypertension: Develops over time without a specific cause and is influenced by genetics, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and aging.

Secondary hypertension: Caused by an underlying condition, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or certain medications.

3. Risk Factors:

Age (more common in people over 65)

Family history

Obesity

Smoking and alcohol consumption

High-sodium, low-potassium diet

Chronic stress

4. Symptoms:

Often called the "silent killer" because it typically has no noticeable symptoms.

In severe cases, symptoms like headaches, dizziness, or shortness of breath may occur.

5. Diagnosis:

Blood pressure readings are taken with a sphygmomanometer.

Multiple readings over time are used to confirm hypertension.

6. Treatment:

Lifestyle changes: Reducing salt intake, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, managing stress, and avoiding smoking and alcohol.

Medications: Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) are commonly prescribed.

7. Complications:

Untreated hypertension can damage blood vessels and organs, leading to heart attack, stroke, aneurysm, heart failure, and vision loss.

8. Prevention:

Regular exercise, healthy eating (DASH diet), limiting sodium intake, and routine monitoring of blood pressure are important preventive measures.

Would you like to know more about managing hypertension or any specific aspect of it?